How can Member States, who still mainly rely on landfilling, fulfil the aims of the European Landfill Directive, i.e. diverting biodegradable waste from landfills and progress beyond this aim?

What are the alternatives and how can they be intelligently combined to achieve maximum reduction of environmental impact?

The Member States who have most successfully reduced dependence on landfill have done this by combining recycling, biological treatment (e.g. composting and anaerobic digestion), and Waste-to-Energy.
 

Graph on the treatment of municipal waste in Europe in 2011
 

Recycling and Waste-to-Energy in combination for sustainable waste management - Up date October 2012

To studies on Waste-to-Energy and Recycling
 

Waste-to-Energy & Resource Efficiency